Optimization of Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network Design Under Uncertainty: Considering Electric Vehicle Battery Recycling

In recent years, the market of electric vehicles (EVs) has developed rapidly across world, and recycling a large number their spent power batteries become an urgent challenge today. The resulting closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) have been considerably studied under different aspects. However, there is lack research investigating vehicle (EVBs) network design uncertainty. This paper focuses on issues quantitative modelling for CLSC used EVBs consisting battery manufacturers, EV retailers, collection centers, echelon utilization centers disposal where manufacturers can remanufacture EVB products. We investigate two-stage stochastic mixed-integer programming (SMIP) model to solved using Benders Decomposition (BD) method derive optimal solutions. Numerical experiments show that SMIP effectively hedge against high